CARIFORUM and UK EPA Study

supply. The services export data again confirms the strong concentration of export activities in commercial establishment (Modes 3) and cross border supply (Mode 1), respectively, with Mode 3 exports observed across all services sectors except for Manufacturing and Government services. On the other hand, Mode 1 exports was observed for all sectors, excluding Travel and Distribution services, suggesting that there might be some “natural” limitations to the supply of such services via these modes, whether these be due to technological or functional infeasibility. At the same time only Maintenance and Repair services and Other Business services recorded activity across all four modes of supply, further suggesting the greater fluidity of these services and thus an inherent predisposition towards export diversification. This would allow for the introduction of more dynamic business models, allowing exporters to switch between various Modes of supply, depending on emerging market trends and external developments, which has been the case in many instances during the on-going pandemic, with more businesses moving online (Mode 1) and away from traditional brick and mortar (i.e., Mode 3) type establishments. The supply of services via electronic commerce (Mode 1) was shown to be in highest demand within the Government, Intellectual Property, Insurance and Pension, Manufacturing and Transport services sectors, than it was for the other services sectors. On the other hand, Distribution, Maintenance and Repair, Construction, Other Business services and Financial services rounded out the top five (5) services sectors that were most reliant on commercial establishment (Mode 3) in the client market, as the means of supplying services. Between the remaining two sectors; consumption abroad (Mode 2) and temporary movement of services providers (Mode 4), the available data indicates that more services, by value, were supplied to consumers who moved to the UK to consume services, than were supplied to consumers via UK services providers who travelled abroad to supply their services. Consumption in the UK by foreign consumers, however, was limited to only five (5) sectors involving the Manufacturing, Maintenance and Repair, Transportation, Travel and Other Business services categories, with Manufacturing and Travel commanding the largest shares, respectively. This

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