Impact Study: UNESCO-Aschberg Programme for Artists and Cultural Professionals

The situation is similar for services, as no significant trade in creative services between CARIFORUM and EU occurred between 2010 and 2017, or at least no relevant data have been reported in the OECD database. This is reflected in Figure 3, which shows that the share of EU service exports to CARIFORUM States was on average less than 1% between 2010 and 2017. Services imports from CARIFORUM exceed exports showing a positive balance, which is, however, largely attributed to two countries, the Bahamas and the Cayman Islands.

Figure 3 • CARIFORUM-EU Share of CARIFORUM services exports and imports in the EU, 2010-2017

4.0%

Exports

Imports

3.5%

3.0%

2.5%

Share in total services trade

2.0%

1.5%

1.0%

0.5%

0.0%

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, International trade statistics database using OECD data, 2019

Before 2011, the Dominican Republic-United Kingdom creative goods trade was the only trading relationship where a CARIFORUM State generated a surplus with an EU Member State (see Figure 4). This surplus was short-lived however, as the Dominican Republic’s exports declined dramatically from 2011 and fluctuated with deficits in 2013 and 2016. When the data is further disaggregated what is notable is that the largest share of creative goods imported from the EU were books, mainly textbooks for the education sector. The books trade consistently accounts for over 80% of the creative imports in several territories throughout the period.

55 Culture in the CARIFORUM-EU EPA