CARIFORUM and UK EPA Study

Source: UK Office for National Statistics (ONS) Notes: The analysis excludes Mode 3 trade in services (Commercial Presence).

Electronic commerce (Mode 1) was observed to be the dominant means of supplying UK consumers in eight (8) of the twelve (12) services sectors analysed, with the exceptions being Manufacturing, Maintenance and Repair, Travel and Construction services which each showed a less than 50% rate of penetration via Mode 1, while there was apparently no import activity within the distribution services sector altogether. Intellectual Property, followed by Telecommunications, Computer and Information services, Transportation, Financial and Government services represented the top five (5) sectors for which e-commerce played the largest role, accounting for in excess of 70% of the services activities occurring in those sectors. Consumption abroad by UK citizens was also the main means of importation of Travel, Manufacturing and Maintenance and Repair services, which accounted for at least 60% of the value of imports, with Travel services consumed abroad occurring completely via Mode 2. The only other activities in which Mode 2 imports of services occurred were Transportation and Other Business services, representing a total of only five (5) out of twelve (12) services in which that mode of importation occurred. The temporary entry of services providers via Mode 4 was again also present in more sectors than consumption abroad, with activity recorded in nine (9) out of twelve (12) sectors, the exceptions being Manufacturing, Transportation and Travel services. Therefore, the assessment of the UK’s sectoral imports by Mode of Supply and related market access opportunities, indicate that, overall, in the absence of data on Mode 3 imports into the UK, the dominant means used by foreign services providers to supply services to the UK was electronic commerce (Mode 1), both by value and sectoral coverage. This was followed by Mode 2 which, while limited to only a few sectors, dominated entire activities such as Travel, as well as Manufacturing services to a lesser extent. However, there were again more opportunities for services supplied through the temporary entry of services providers (Mode 4) than what existed

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