CARIFORUM and UK EPA Study

There are also very strong reservations on the acquisition and ownership of UK flagged vessels requiring same to be at least 75% British owned, as well as strict limitations on investors from energy supplying countries in relation to the supply of mining and quarrying activities, manufacturing of refined petroleum products, the production, transmission/distribution of electricity, the manufacture and distribution of gas and gaseous fuels, and the production and distribution of steam and hot water. Other notable Mode 3 restrictions include limitations on the legal form of banking and financial services entities that can act as depositories of the assets of investment funds, or that can perform the activities of management of unit trusts and investment companies. There were also a number of Economic Needs Tests (ENTs) in relation to passenger transportation services, and “manpower planning” for the establishment of doctors under the National Health Service (NHS), as well as specific obligations in relation to Sales and Marketing services and Computer Reservation Systems services targeting investors that operate computer reservations systems that are owned and controlled by air carriers. In relation to Mode 4 - temporary entry of Contractual Services Suppliers and Independent Professionals, the UK has almost completely liberalized movement across all sectors, with the sole exception of privately funded Higher Education Services, which remains unbound. No other market access limitations exist, save and except for Economic Needs Tests in relation to Medical and Dental, Veterinary, and Midwives services, Services provided by Nurses, Physiotherapists and Paramedical Personnel, Computer and Related Services, Maintenance and Repair of Vessels, Maintenance and Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and Snowmobiles, Tourist Guide Services, and Entertainment Services other than Audio-visual services. On the other hand, the Mode 4 limitations related to the movement of Intra-Corporate Transferees and Graduate Trainees strictly relate to nationality conditions for specialists and graduate trainees. The UK’s commitments in relation to the movement of these categories of persons were also very limited, covering only Rental and Leasing Services without Operators, Other Business Services

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